Sleep–wake profiles predict longitudinal changes in manic symptoms and memory in young people with mood disorders

Lower sleep efficiency is predictive of longitudinal worsening in manic symptoms (P = 0.007).

• Shorter total sleep time (P = 0.043) is associated with worsening verbal memory.
• Poorer circadian rhythmicity (P = 0.045) may predict declines in memory performance.
• No significant differences in clinical changes were observed between participants with depression and those with bipolar disorder.
• The study involved 50 young people aged 13-33 years with mood disorders over an 18.9-month follow-up.

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