Is the association between social jetlag and BMI mediated by lifestyle? A cross-sectional survey study in the Dutch general population

Feb 21, 2024Preventive medicine

Does lifestyle explain the link between social jetlag and body weight in the Dutch population?

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Abstract

High social jetlag is associated with an increase in BMI by 0.69 kg/m.

Higher social jetlag correlates with increased BMI, particularly in individuals experiencing high stress.
In high-stress individuals, the increase in BMI associated with social jetlag is measured at 0.93 kg/m.
Social jetlag is linked to higher smoking rates, lower physical activity, greater alcohol consumption, and poorer diet adherence.
In those with high stress, lifestyle factors may mediate 10-15% of the relationship between social jetlag and BMI.
Further investigation is needed to explore additional pathways involved in the association between social jetlag and BMI.

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OBJECTIVE: Social jetlag is a discordance between the social and biological rhythm and is associated with higher HbA1c, higher BMI, and higher odds of obesity. The pathways that could explain these associations are still debated. This study aims to assess the mediating role of several lifestyle factors in the cross-sectional association between social jetlag and BMI.

METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from 1784 adults from urban areas in the Netherlands, collected in 2019. Social jetlag (difference in midpoint of sleep between week and weekend nights) was categorized as low(<1 h), moderate(1-2h), and high(>2 h). BMI(kg/m) was calculated from self-reported height and weight. The association between social jetlag and BMI was assessed using linear regression, adjusted for sex, age, education, and sleep duration and stratified for the effect modifier stress (high vs. low). Mediation analysis was performed for self-reported smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and adherence to a healthy diet. 2

RESULTS: High social jetlag was associated with higher BMI (0.69 kg/m,95%CI 0.05;1.33). This association was stronger in people with high stress (0.93 kg/m,95%CI 0.09;1.76). Social jetlag was also associated with higher odds of smoking, lower physical activity, higher alcohol consumption, and lower healthy diet adherence. In people with high stress, these factors mediated 10-15% of the association between social jetlag and BMI. 2 2

CONCLUSIONS: Social jetlag is associated with higher BMI and this association is stronger in people with high stress. In people with high stress, healthy diet adherence mediated 12% of this association. Other pathways involved in this association should be further investigated.

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Is the association between social jetlag and BMI mediated by lifestyle? A cross-sectional survey study in the Dutch general population

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