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The Carnitine-butyrobetaine-trimethylamine-N-oxide pathway and its association with cardiovascular mortality in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
The Carnitine-Butyrobetaine-TMAO Pathway and Its Link to Heart-Related Death in Patients with Carotid Artery Disease
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Abstract
Serum γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) was significantly increased in patients with carotid atherosclerosis (p = 0.024).
- Higher levels of γBB and trimethyllysine (TML) were independently associated with cardiovascular death, even after adjusting for age and kidney function.
- The adjusted hazard ratios for γBB and TML were 3.3 and 6.0, respectively, indicating a potential link to increased mortality risk.
- Increased serum levels of Carnitine were also found in patients with carotid atherosclerosis (p = 0.001), but TMAO and TML did not show significant increases.
- The findings suggest that γBB and TML may serve as potential markers for cardiovascular mortality in patients with atherosclerosis.
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