How Meal Timing, Sleep Patterns, and Body Clock Differences Relate to Body Fat and Appetite in Malaysian University Students and Staff

Larger caloric intake later in the day is associated with lower body mass and adiposity among 220 Malaysian adults.

• Participants exhibited significantly later meal times and sleep behaviors on weekends compared to weekdays.
• Those in the delayed eating jetlag group had larger weekday eating windows but smaller weekend eating windows.
• Higher waist-hip ratios were linked to the delayed lunch jetlag class.
• Delayed chrononutrition behaviors correlated with increased hunger and eating thoughts, and decreased fullness sensations before and after meals.
• Morningness was related to lower satisfaction and fullness sensations after breakfast, but higher sensations before dinner.

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