Annual review of nutritionJun 11, 2019

Time-Restricted Eating for Preventing and Managing Long-Term Metabolic Diseases

Regenerative Health Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Mar 28, 2026

Abstract

Daily caloric intake is restricted to a consistent window of 8-12 hours.

Molecular clocks in cells help anticipate daily changes in nutrient availability and adapt cellular functions.
Nutrient-sensing pathways can respond to acute nutrient imbalances, influencing metabolic adaptations.
Circadian rhythms in organisms are aligned with behavioral patterns like activity-rest and feeding-fasting cycles.
Basic research has mainly focused on molecular circadian oscillators, while nutrition science examines responses to caloric deprivation and macronutrients.
The integration of circadian biology and nutrition has led to time-restricted eating, which may provide benefits across multiple organ systems.

Simplified

Molecular clocks are present in almost every cell to anticipate daily recurring and predictable changes, such as rhythmic nutrient availability, and to adapt cellular functions accordingly. At the same time, nutrient-sensing pathways can respond to acute nutrient imbalance and modulate and orient metabolism so cells can adapt optimally to a declining or increasing availability of nutrients. Organismal circadian rhythms are coordinated by behavioral rhythms such as activity-rest and feeding-fasting cycles to temporally orchestrate a sequence of physiological processes to optimize metabolism. Basic research in circadian rhythms has largely focused on the functioning of the self-sustaining molecular circadian oscillator, while research in nutrition science has yielded insights into physiological responses to caloric deprivation or to specific macronutrients. Integration of these two fields into actionable new concepts in the timing of food intake has led to the emerging practice of time-restricted eating. In this paradigm, daily caloric intake is restricted to a consistent window of 8-12 h. This paradigm has pervasive benefits on multiple organ systems.

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Time-Restricted Eating for Preventing and Managing Long-Term Metabolic Diseases

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