Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students

Oct 11, 2023Chronobiology international

Sleep-wake preferences linked to addictive eating habits, mindful eating, and processed food intake in college students

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Abstract

Evening-type participants had a mean social jetlag score of 2.01 ± 0.09.

Evening-type participants exhibited higher appetitive drive scores (26.02 ± 0.63) and addiction-like eating behavior scores (46.52 ± 0.85).
Lower dietary control scores (20.50 ± 0.41) were observed among evening-type individuals.
A negative association was found between chronotype score and addiction-like eating behavior (β=-0.247, < 0.001).
Chronotype score was negatively associated with ultra-processed food consumption (β=-0.247, < 0.001).
A positive association was noted between chronotype score and recognition (β = 0.124, < 0.001).

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This study aimed to investigate the relationships between chronotype and addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food consumption among undergraduate students. Specific and validated scales were used in order to evaluate chronotype, addiction-like eating behavior and mindful eating ( = 605). Dietary intake was determined by food frequency questionnaire and percentage energy from ultra-processed food was calculated. Self-reported weights and heights were obtained from the participants. Mean scores of scales, social jetlag, energy intake, ultra-processed food intake and BMI were compared by chronotypes. Associations between chronotype, addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating, ultra-processed food consumption and BMI were determined by Pearson's test. The relationships between chronotype and addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake were assessed by linear regression models and adjusted for sex, BMI, energy intake, season, smoking and alcohol consumption. Evening-type participants had higher scores of social jetlag (2.01 ± 0.09), appetitive drive (26.02 ± 0.63), low dietary control (20.50 ± 0.41), addiction-like eating behavior (46.52 ± 0.85), lower scores of recognition (21.91 ± 0.43) and higher percentage energy from ultra-processed food (32.24 ± 1.26%). Chronotype score showed negative associations with addiction like eating behavior (β=-0.247, < 0.001) and ultra-processed food consumption (β=-0.247, < 0.001), and a positive association with recognition (β = 0.124, < 0.001). Results suggest that chronotype is inversely associated with addiction-like eating behavior and ultra-processed food consumption, and positively associated with mindful eating among undergraduate students. N p p p

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Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students

Abstract

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