Circadian and sleep dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

Mar 16, 2020Ageing research reviews

Problems with the Body Clock and Sleep in Alzheimer's Disease

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Abstract

Disruption of circadian rhythms and sleep may significantly influence the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is associated with cognitive impairment and dysfunction of circadian rhythms.
There is a mutual relationship among circadian rhythms, sleep, and the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Factors such as amyloid β, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress may contribute to Alzheimer's disease through their impact on circadian rhythms.
Aging can disrupt both sleep quality and timing, which are notably affected in Alzheimer's disease.
Increased amyloid β production and decreased clearance are linked to sleep disturbances and heightened wakefulness.
Tau pathology may also play a significant role in sleep deprivation observed in Alzheimer's disease.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating and irreversible cognitive impairment and the most common type of dementia. Along with progressive cognitive impairment, dysfunction of the circadian rhythms also plays a pivotal role in the progression of AD. A mutual relationship among circadian rhythms, sleep, and AD has been well-recommended. The etiopathogenesis of the disturbances of the circadian system and AD share some general features that also unlock the outlook of observing them as a mutually dependent pathway. Indeed, the burden of amyloid β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and dysfunction of circadian rhythms may lead to AD. Aging can alter both sleep timings and quality that can be strongly disrupted in AD. Increased production of Aβ and reduced Aβ clearance are caused by a close interplay of Aβ, sleep disturbance and raised wakefulness. Besides Aβ, the impact of tau pathology is possibly noteworthy to the sleep deprivation found in AD. Hence, this review is focused on the primary mechanistic complexities linked to disruption of circadian rhythms, sleep deprivation, and AD. Furthermore, this review also highlights the potential therapeutic strategies to abate AD pathogenesis.

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Circadian and sleep dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

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