Dietary sardine protein lowers insulin resistance, leptin and TNF-α and beneficially affects adipose tissue oxidative stress in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome

Rats fed sardine protein diets had significantly lower plasma insulin and insulin resistance compared to those fed casein diets.

• High-fructose diets resulted in increased body weight, adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance in rats.
• Rats on high-fructose diets showed elevated plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1C, triacylglycerols, and free fatty acids.
• Sardine protein consumption led to reduced food intake and fat mass compared to casein diets.
• Plasma levels of α-tocopherol, taurine, and calcium were higher in rats fed sardine protein diets.
• Sardine protein diets decreased oxidative stress markers and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in adipose tissues.
• Sardine protein also mitigated hyperleptinemia and reduced inflammatory markers compared to casein diets.

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