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The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience···
Environmental Light Is Needed to Keep Long-Term Memory in Fruit Flies
Updated
Abstract
Environmental light is critical for maintaining long-term memory (LTM) in Drosophila.
- LTM is impaired in flies kept in constant darkness during the memory maintenance phase.
- Activation of neurons expressing the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf) supports LTM maintenance.
- Temporal activation of Pdf neurons can reverse the LTM impairment caused by constant darkness.
- Knocking down Pdf during the memory maintenance phase disrupts LTM in light/dark cycles.
- The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is essential for LTM maintenance in the mushroom bodies.
Simplified
Long-term memory (LTM) is stored as functional modifications of relevant neural circuits in the brain. A large body of evidence indicates that the initial establishment of such modifications through the process known as memory consolidation requires learning-dependent transcriptional activation andprotein synthesis. However, it remains poorly understood how the consolidated memory is maintained for a long period in the brain, despite constant turnover of molecular substrates. Using thecourtship conditioning assay of adult males as a memory paradigm, here, we show that in, environmental light plays a critical role in LTM maintenance. LTM is impaired when flies are kept in constant darkness (DD) during the memory maintenance phase. Because light activates the brain neurons expressing the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf), we examined the possible involvement of Pdf neurons in LTM maintenance. Temporal activation of Pdf neurons compensated for the DD-dependent LTM impairment, whereas temporal knockdown of Pdf during the memory maintenance phase impaired LTM in light/dark cycles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is required in the memory center, namely, the mushroom bodies (MBs), for LTM maintenance, and Pdf signaling regulates light-dependent transcription via CREB. Our results demonstrate for the first time that universally available environmental light plays a critical role in LTM maintenance by activating the evolutionarily conserved memory modulator CREB in MBs via the Pdf signaling pathway.Temporary memory can be consolidated into long-term memory (LTM) throughprotein synthesis and functional modifications of neuronal circuits in the brain. Once established, LTM requires continual maintenance so that it is kept for an extended period against molecular turnover and cellular reorganization that may disrupt memory traces. How is LTM maintained mechanistically? Despite the critical importance of LTM maintenance, its molecular and cellular underpinnings remain elusive. This study usingis significant because it revealed for the first time in any organism that universally available environmental light plays an essential role in LTM maintenance. Interestingly, light does so by activating the evolutionarily conserved transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein via peptidergic signaling. de novo Drosophila Drosophila de novo Drosophila SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
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