Evening preference and insomnia as separate risks for ongoing depression in major depressive disorder

Of the 253 patients with major depressive disorder, 19.4% were classified as eveningness, which is associated with nonremission of depression.

• Evening-type patients experienced higher insomnia severity and more severe depressive symptoms compared to other chronotypes.
• An odds ratio of 3.36 indicates that eveningness is associated with nonremission of depression, independent of insomnia severity.
• Insomnia was identified as a significant independent factor contributing to nonremission of depression, with an odds ratio of 1.12.
• The findings suggest a potential link between circadian rhythms and major depressive disorder.

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