Compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiota in patients with stroke

Oct 20, 2021Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

Changes in gut bacteria types and functions in stroke patients

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Abstract

Plasma TMAO levels were significantly higher in patients with LAA (2931 ± 456.4 ng/mL) and CE strokes (4220 ± 577.6 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (1663 ± 117.8 ng/mL).

TMAO levels in patients with LAA and CE strokes were significantly elevated compared to healthy individuals.
In patients with LAA stroke, TMAO levels positively correlated with the area of carotid plaque.
The gut microbiome composition and function in the LAA stroke group differed significantly from the control group.
No significant association was found between gut microbiota and CE stroke in this study.
These findings suggest that gut microbiota alterations could be associated with LAA stroke.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is accumulating evidence that gut microbiota plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases. Gut bacteria can transform dietary choline, l-carnitine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) into trimethylamine, which can be oxidized into TMAO again in the liver. However, the alterations of the gut microbiota in large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke and cardioembolic (CE) stroke have been less studied.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a case-control study in patients with LAA and CE types of strokes. We profiled the gut microbiome using Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4-V5 regions), and TMAO was determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that the TMAO levels in the plasma of patients with LAA and CE strokes were significantly higher than those in controls (LAA stroke, 2931 ± 456.4 ng/mL; CE stroke, 4220 ± 577.6 ng/mL; healthy control, 1663 ± 117.8 ng/mL; adjusted p < 0.05). The TMAO level in the plasma of patients with LAA stroke was positively correlated with the carotid plaque area (rho = 0.333, 95% CI = 0.08-0.55, p = 0.0093). Notably, the composition and the function of gut microbiota in the LAA stroke group were significantly different from those in the control group (FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05). There was no significant association between gut microbiota and CE stroke in our study.

CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for significant compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiome in patients with LAA stroke. Gut microbiota might serve as a potential biomarker for patients with LAA stroke.

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Compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiota in patients with stroke

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