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Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genus Psilocybe and evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster
Evolutionary history of the psychedelic mushroom group Psilocybe and the genes that produce psilocybin
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Abstract
A comprehensive phylogeny of the genus Psilocybe was generated using 71 metagenomes and 2,983 single-copy gene families.
- Molecular clock analysis indicates the stem lineage of Psilocybe emerged approximately 67 million years ago, with diversification occurring around 56 million years ago.
- biosynthesis is suggested to have first developed in Psilocybe, with 4 to 5 possible instances of gene transfer to other mushroom species between 40 and 9 million years ago.
- Distinct gene orders within the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster correspond to a significant evolutionary split within the genus, indicating potential independent acquisitions of the biosynthetic cluster.
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Key numbers
87%
Gene Recovery Rate
Single-copy genes recovered across all samples.
67 mya
Divergence Time Estimate
Estimated stem age of the lineage.
40 species
Species Representation
Total species represented in the phylogenomic analysis.