Arginine vasopressin: Critical regulator of circadian homeostasis

Apr 25, 2024Peptides

Arginine vasopressin as an important regulator of the body’s daily biological rhythms

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is crucial for maintaining circadian homeostasis in mammals.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central regulator of circadian rhythms composed of various cell types.
AVP plays a significant role in the function of circadian rhythms, as demonstrated in studies with genetically engineered mice.
The review discusses the distribution of AVP-expressing neurons and their organization within the SCN.
Sex-dependent effects of AVP in the SCN may influence circadian rhythm regulation.
Research indicates that AVP receptor knockout mice provide insights into the physiological roles of AVP in circadian regulation.
Genetic modifications of AVP neurons suggest potential pathways for therapeutic interventions targeting circadian disruptions.

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Circadian rhythms optimally regulate numerous physiological processes in an organism and synchronize them with the external environment. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the center of the circadian clock in mammals, is composed of multiple cell types that form a network that provides the basis for the remarkable stability of the circadian clock. Among the neuropeptides expressed in the SCN, arginine vasopressin (AVP) has attracted much attention because of its deep involvement in the function of circadian rhythms, as elucidated in particular by studies using genetically engineered mice. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on the peptidergic distribution and topographic neuronal organization in the SCN, the molecular mechanisms of the clock genes, and the relationship between the SCN and peripheral clocks. With respect to the physiological roles of AVP and AVP-expressing neurons, in addition to a sex-dependent action of AVP in the SCN, studies using AVP receptor knockout mice and mice genetically manipulated to alter the clock properties of AVP neurons are summarized here, highlighting its importance in maintaining circadian homeostasis and its potential as a target for therapeutic interventions.

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Arginine vasopressin: Critical regulator of circadian homeostasis

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