Awareness and Potential Impacts of the Medicalization of Internet Gaming Disorder: Cross-sectional Survey Among Adolescents in China

Feb 24, 2021Journal of medical Internet research

Awareness of Treating Internet Gaming Disorder as a Medical Condition and Its Possible Effects Among Chinese Teens

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Abstract

48.3% of internet gamers were aware of the medicalization of internet gaming disorder (IGD).

Awareness of IGD medicalization was more common among adolescents at risk for IGD, specifically those who self-perceived having IGD within 12 months.
Increased awareness was linked to positive outcomes such as reduced gaming time, a greater likelihood of seeking professional help, and fewer maladaptive thoughts.
After learning about IGD's classification in ICD-11, 54.2% believed it would reduce their gaming time, while 32.8% anticipated increased help-seeking behaviors.
Negative perceptions included feelings of self-doubt about being labeled as diseased and increased pressure from family members, which were reported more frequently in higher-risk subgroups.

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BACKGROUND: The Eleventh Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) newly listed gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), as a disease. The level of awareness and potential positive and negative impacts of this medicalization among adolescents were unknown.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the levels, associated factors, and potential positive and negative impacts of awareness of the medicalization of IGD among adolescents in China.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, 1343 middle school students in Guangzhou, China, self-administered an anonymous questionnaire in classrooms (October to December 2019). Three risk subgroups were identified: those who scored ≥5 items in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition checklist (IGD-S), those who self-perceived having IGD currently (IGD-PC), and those who self-perceived having IGD within 12 months (IGD-P12M).

RESULTS: Of the internet gamers, 48.3% (460/952) were aware of the medicalization of IGD; they were more likely to belong to the IGD-P12M/IGD-S risk subgroups. Within the IGD-PC/IGD-P12M (but not IGD-S) risk subgroups, IGD medicalization awareness was positively associated with favorable outcomes (reduced internet gaming time in the past 12 months, seeking help from professionals if having IGD, and fewer maladaptive cognitions). After being briefed about the ICD-11 inclusion of IGD, 54.2% (516/952) and 32.8% (312/952) expressed that it would lead to the reduction of gaming time and help-seeking behaviors, respectively; however, 17.9% (170/952), 21.5% (205/952), 15.9% (151/952), and 14.5% (138/952) perceived self-doubt for being diseased, stronger pressure from family members, negative emotional responses, and labeling effect, respectively. With a few exceptions, such perceived positive or negative impacts were stronger among the IGD-S, IGD-PC, and IGD-P12M risk subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS: The exploratory study shows that the medicalization of IGD may have benefits that need maximization and potentially harmful effects that need minimization. Future studies should test the efficacies of health promotion that increases IGD medicalization awareness.

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Awareness and Potential Impacts of the Medicalization of Internet Gaming Disorder: Cross-sectional Survey Among Adolescents in China

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