Oxidation–Reduction Cycles of Peroxiredoxin Proteins and Nontranscriptional Aspects of Timekeeping

Dec 3, 2014Biochemistry

Peroxiredoxin protein chemical cycles and their role in keeping time without gene activity

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Abstract

Circadian oscillations in the redox status of peroxiredoxins are conserved across organisms from archaea to animals.

Genetic analyses have identified gene expression feedback loops as critical for circadian clock mechanisms.
Post-translational modifications are increasingly recognized as important in regulating circadian timekeeping.
Cellular metabolism, particularly redox homeostasis, is linked to the functioning of the circadian clock.
Redox rhythms in peroxiredoxins occur independently of traditional circadian gene expression pathways.
The findings suggest a potential noncanonical aspect of circadian timekeeping related to cellular redox status.

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The circadian clock allows organisms to accurately predict the earth's rotation and modify their behavior as a result. Genetic analyses in a variety of organisms have defined a mechanism based largely on gene expression feedback loops. However, as we delve more deeply into the mechanisms of circadian timekeeping, we are discovering that post-translational mechanisms play a key role in defining the character of the clock. We are also discovering that these modifications are inextricably linked to cellular metabolism, including redox homeostasis. A robust circadian oscillation in the redox status of the peroxiredoxins (a major class of cellular antioxidants) was recently shown to be remarkably conserved from archaea and cyanobacteria all the way to plants and animals. Furthermore, recent findings indicate that cellular redox status is coupled not only to canonical circadian gene expression pathways but also to a noncanonical transcript-independent circadian clock. The redox rhythms observed in peroxiredoxins in the absence of canonical clock mechanisms may hint at the nature of this new and hitherto unknown aspect of circadian timekeeping.

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Oxidation–Reduction Cycles of Peroxiredoxin Proteins and Nontranscriptional Aspects of Timekeeping

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