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Abstract
The gut microbiota and its metabolites exhibit diurnal rhythmicity in response to feeding and fasting cycles.
- Persistent jet lag, an unhealthy diet, and clock gene deficiency can disrupt the natural oscillation of gut bacteria.
- Time-restricted feeding may restore the rhythmicity of gut microbial composition.
- Gut microbial metabolites can influence the expression of clock genes and affect sleep duration.
- Disruptions in sleep, such as fragmentation and reduced duration, are linked to gut dysbiosis, potentially through activation of the HPA-axis.
- Specific gut bacteria may proliferate due to sleep loss, leading to metabolic disturbances.
- Probiotic supplementation has been associated with improvements in subjective sleep quality.
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