Association of Cardiovascular Health with the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism: A Prospective Study of 275,149 Participants from the UK Biobank

Apr 12, 2024Thrombosis and haemostasis

Link Between Heart Health and New Cases of Blood Clots in Veins: Study of 275,149 People in the UK

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Abstract

During a median follow-up of 12.56 years, VTE developed in 4.09% of participants with low cardiovascular health (CVH) levels.

Participants with moderate CVH levels had a 23% lower risk of VTE compared to those with low CVH levels.
Those with high CVH levels experienced a 41% lower risk of VTE relative to the low CVH group.
The observed associations between CVH and VTE risk remained consistent across various sensitivity analyses.
Higher CVH levels were linked to a greater reduction in VTE risk in females.
Improving LE8 scores may help mitigate genetic risks associated with VTE.

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BACKGROUND: The Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score, recently proposed by the American Heart Association, represents a new paradigm for evaluating cardiovascular health (CVH). We aimed to explore the association between CVH, estimated using LE8, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence.

METHODS: A total of 275,149 participants were recruited from the UK Biobank and divided into high (LE8 score ≥ 80), moderate (LE8 score < 80 but ≥ 50), and low (LE8 score < 50) CVH groups. Restricted cubic spline analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to explore the association between CVH and VTE. The genetic predisposition to VTE was assessed with a polygenic risk score. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the results.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.56 years, VTE developed in 506 (4.09%), 6,069 (2.78%), and 720 (1.66%) participants with low, moderate, and high CVH levels, respectively. Compared with the low CVH group, participants in the moderate and high CVH groups had a 23% (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.85) and 41% (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.52-0.66) lower risk of VTE, respectively, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, medical history, socioeconomic status, and genetic predisposition. This association remained robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. Higher CVH levels led to a more pronounced reduction in the risk of VTE in females and could appreciably offset the genetic risk of VTE.

CONCLUSION: Higher CVH levels were significantly associated with a lower incidence of VTE, encouraging efforts to increase LE8 scores in individuals.

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Association of Cardiovascular Health with the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism: A Prospective Study of 275,149 Participants from the UK Biobank

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