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Gut-Brain Axis-Based Polygala Tenuifolia and Magnolia Officinalis Improve D-gal-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice Through cAMP and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Plant Extracts from Polygala and Magnolia May Improve Memory Problems in Mice by Affecting Brain and Gut Communication Signals
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Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia (PT), Magnolia officinalis (MO), and their combination (PM) can each alleviate cognitive decline in a mouse model of .
- PT, MO, and PM reduce neuropathological damage in D-gal mice to varying degrees.
- Each treatment lowers the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in both serum and hippocampal tissue.
- PM increases levels of antioxidant markers, specifically superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH).
- Network pharmacology and experimental validation indicate that PM enhances the expression of tight junctions and proteins in the cAMP pathway while inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
- PM corrects gut microbiota imbalances by increasing the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and decreasing LPS-producing bacteria.
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Key numbers
TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ levels
Decrease in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
Levels in serum and hippocampus of D-gal-treated mice.
Not specified
Increase in SCFA-Producing Bacteria
Changes in gut microbiota composition post-PM treatment.