Physical exercise mitigates high-fat diet-induced adiposopathy and related endocrine alterations in an animal model of obesity

Feb 26, 2018Journal of physiology and biochemistry

Exercise reduces fat tissue problems and hormone changes caused by a high-fat diet in obese animals

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Abstract

High-fat diet (HFD) increased visceral adiposity and altered hormone levels in rats.

HFD led to increased levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and leptin in adipose tissue while reducing plasma adiponectin levels.
Voluntary physical activity (VPA) and endurance training (ET) both reduced visceral adiposity and the percentage of large adipocytes in HFD-fed rats.
ET resulted in a decrease in plasma insulin and leptin levels, along with reductions in HIF-1α and leptin expression in adipose tissue.
Endurance training improved insulin sensitivity and increased levels of high molecular weight adiponectin and ghrelin in plasma.
Exercise may counteract adiposopathy and associated hormonal changes induced by a high-fat diet.

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The dysregulation of adipokine secretion owing to adiposopathy can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders. Being that exercise is an advised strategy against obesity-induced adiposopathy, we aimed to analyze the role of physical exercise as a preventive and therapeutic strategy against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adipokine and ghrelin alterations. Rats were pair-fed the Lieber De Carli standard diet (S, 35 Kcal% fat) or HFD (71 Kcal% fat) over 17 weeks. Animals were assigned into four groups as follows: standard diet sedentary (SS), standard diet voluntary physical activity (SVPA), high-fat diet sedentary (HS), and high-fat diet voluntary physical activity (HVPA). After 9 weeks of dietary treatment, half of the SS and HS animals were submitted to an 8-week endurance training program, standard diet endurance training (SET), and high-fat-diet endurance training (HET) groups, maintaining the respective diets. Although there were no changes in body weight, HFD increased visceral adiposity, percentage of large adipocytes, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and leptin contents in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT) and decreased plasma content of adiponectin (AdipQ). Both VPA and ET decreased visceral adiposity and percentage of large adipocytes in HFD-fed animals, but ET also increased the percentage of small- to medium-sized adipocytes. VPA increased plasma growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and decreased leptin protein in HVPA group. ET decreased plasma insulin and leptin levels and eWAT HIF-1α and leptin expression in HET group. Moreover, ET improved insulin sensitivity, plasma high molecular weight, and AdipQ and ghrelin levels and increased eWAT and GHS-R expression. Our data suggest that exercise, particularly ET, reverted adiposopathy and related endocrine alterations induced by an isocaloric HFD pair-fed diet.

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Physical exercise mitigates high-fat diet-induced adiposopathy and related endocrine alterations in an animal model of obesity

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