Impact of physical exercise on visceral adipose tissue fatty acid profile and inflammation in response to a high-fat diet regimen

Eight weeks of endurance training reversed obesity-related anatomical features in rats fed a high-fat diet.

• High-fat diet increased plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels in adipose tissue.
• High-fat diet decreased saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, while increasing linoleic acid and prostaglandin E2 levels.
• Voluntary physical activity decreased visceral fat, adipocyte size, and MCP-1 in high-fat diet-fed rats.
• Both voluntary physical activity and endurance training reduced palmitoleic acid and increased linoleic acid in high-fat diet-fed groups.
• Endurance training increased fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and elongase 5 (ELOVL5) protein levels regardless of diet.
• Endurance training reduced inflammatory markers and macrophage recruitment in adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed rats.

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